Product Description
The vehicle axle (also known as the axle) is connected to the frame (or load-bearing body) through the suspension, and wheels are installed at both ends. The function of the axle is to bear the load of the car and maintain the normal driving of the car on the road.
The axle can be integral, like a huge barbell, with both ends supporting the body through the suspension system, so the integral axle usually cooperates with the non-independent suspension; the axle can also be disconnected, like 2 Umbrellas are inserted on both sides of the body, and then each supports the body through the suspension system, so the disconnected axle is used with the independent suspension.
According to the different driving methods, the axles are also divided into 4 types: steering axles, drive axles, steering drive axles and support axles. Among them, the steering axle and the supporting axle belong to the driven axle. Most cars use front rear drive (FR), so the front axle acts as a steering axle and the rear axle acts as a drive axle; while in a front-front drive (FF) car, the front axle becomes the steering drive axle and the rear axle acts as a support axle.
The structure of the steering axle is basically the same, consisting of 2 steering knuckles and a beam. If the beam is compared to the body, the steering knuckle is his head swaying from side to side, the neck is what we often call the kingpin, and the wheels are mounted on the steering knuckle, as if wearing a straw hat on his head. However, when driving, the straw hat turns, but the head does not turn. The middle is separated by a bearing, and the head just sways from side to side. The neck – the kingpin is the axis of rotation of the wheel. The axis of this axis is not perpendicular to the ground, and the wheel itself is not vertical. We will discuss it in detail in the wheel positioning section.
The difference between the steering drive axle and the steering axle is that everything is hollow, the beam becomes the axle housing, and the steering knuckle becomes the steering knuckle housing, because there are more drive shafts inside. This driveshaft becomes 2 half shafts because it is divided in 2 by the differential located in the middle of the axle housing. The 2 straw hats are not simply put on the head, but also directly connected to the 2 half shafts inside. The half shaft also has 1 more joint at the “neck” position – a universal joint, so the half shaft has also become 2 parts, the inner half shaft and the outer half shaft.
According to the structure of the suspension, the axle can be divided into 2 types: disconnected and integral. The disconnected axle is a movable joint structure, which is used in conjunction with the independent suspension; the middle of the integral axle is a rigid solid or hollow beam. It is mostly equipped with non-independent suspension. According to the different movement modes of the wheels, the axles can be divided into 4 types: steering axles, drive axles, steering drive axles and support axles. Among them, the steering axle and the supporting axle belong to the driven axle. In general, the front axle of a car is mostly a steering axle, while the rear axle or the middle and rear axles are mostly drive axles; the front axle of off-road vehicles or most cars is both a steering axle and a drive axle, so it is called a steering drive axle; some single-axle drive axles The middle axle (or rear axle) of the three-axle vehicle (6×2) is the drive axle, then the rear axle (or middle axle) is the supporting axle. [1]
steering axle
1) Function Use the swing of the steering knuckle to deflect the wheel to a certain angle to achieve the steering of the car; bear the vertical load between the wheel and the frame, the longitudinal road resistance, the braking force and the lateral force and the moment formed by these forces.
2) Key indicators Due to the complex road conditions, the axle needs to have a certain stiffness and strength. The steering wheel has the correct positioning angle and proper steering angle. Minimize steering wheel mass and frictional resistance to transmission parts
3) Composition: front axle, steering knuckle, king pin and wheel hub, etc. Front axle: its cross section is generally I-shaped. In order to improve the torsional strength, there is a thickened part near each end to form a fist shape. There is a through hole in it. The king pin is inserted into this hole, and the middle part is bent downward into a concave shape. , its purpose is to lower the engine position, thereby lowering the center of mass of the car; expanding the driver’s field of vision; reducing the angle between the transmission shaft and the transmission output shaft. Steering knuckle: It is the hinge that turns the wheel, it is a fork. The upper and lower forks have 2 coaxial holes for installing the king pin, and the steering knuckle journal is used to install the wheel. The 2 ears of the pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with the fist-shaped parts at both ends of the front axle through the king pin, so that the front wheel can deflect a certain angle around the king pin to turn the car. Kingpin: The function is to articulate the front axle and the steering knuckle, so that the steering knuckle swings around the kingpin to realize the steering of the wheel. A groove is cut in the middle of the kingpin, and the kingpin fixing bolt is used to match the groove on it during installation to fix the kingpin in the fist-shaped hole of the front axle. The king pin and the pin hole on the steering knuckle are in dynamic fit to realize the steering hub: the wheel hub is supported on the journal at the outer end of the steering knuckle through 2 tapered roller bearings. The tightness of the bearing can be adjusted by adjusting the nut (installed on the outer end of the bearing).
Drive axle
1. The function of the drive axle: It transmits the driving force from the engine to the driving wheels to achieve the effect of reducing speed and increasing torque, and at the same time changing the direction of power transmission. 2. The composition of the drive axle It is composed of the main reducer, the differential, the half shaft and the axle housing. 3. The difference between the installation position and structure of the drive axle of FF and FR FF: the clutch, transmission, main reducer, differential, and drive axle components are all installed in the transmission housing, located in the front of the car, and the power is transmitted to the front wheels . FR: The final reducer, differential, and drive axle components are installed in the drive axle housing, located at the rear of the car, and the power is transmitted to the rear wheels.
Steering drive axle
1. Function: It has 2 functions of steering and driving. It not only has the basic components of the general drive axle, but also has the unique king pin of the steering axle.
2. The structure of the steering drive axle not only has the main reducer, differential and half shafts that the general drive axle has, but also has the steering knuckle shell, king pin and wheel hub that the general steering axle has. Compared with the separate drive axle and steering axle, the difference is that the half shaft required for steering is divided into 2 sections, namely the inner half shaft (connected with the differential) and the outer half shaft (connected with the wheel hub). connection), the 2 are connected by a constant angular velocity joint. At the same time, the main bridge is also divided into 2 sections, the upper and lower sections, which are respectively fixed on the spherical bearings of the universal joint. The knuckle journal is made hollow so that the outer half shaft can pass through it. The connecting fork of the steering knuckle is a spherical steering knuckle housing, which not only meets the needs of steering, but also adapts to the force transmission of the steering knuckle. Steering drive axles are widely used in all-wheel drive off-road vehicles
3. The working process of the steering drive axle is driven: the middle of the axle is equipped with a final reducer and a differential. The inner half shaft and the outer half shaft are connected together by a constant angular velocity universal joint, and the end of the outer half shaft is provided with a flower rod, which is engaged with the flange of the half shaft. When the front axle is driven, the torque is transmitted from the final reducer and differential to the inner half shaft, universal joint, outer half shaft and half shaft flange, and finally to the hub to drive the wheel to rotate. Steering: The steering knuckle is bolted together by the steering knuckle journal and the steering knuckle housing. The steering knuckle journal is equipped with 2 wheel hub bearings to support the wheel hub; the inner hole wall of the steering knuckle journal is press-fitted with a bushing to support the outer half shaft. The upper and lower ends of the steering knuckle shell are respectively equipped with the upper and lower thickened parts of the upper and lower king pins, and are stopped by stop pins. After the grease is injected from the upper and lower oil nozzles, it enters the central oil passage of the king pin respectively, and then comes out from the 2 side holes and enters between the king pin and the bushing to achieve lubrication. When the car is turning, the steering straight rod pulls the steering knuckle arm to drive the steering knuckle to swing around the king pin, and the steering wheel can be deflected accordingly, thereby realizing the steering of the car.
support bridge
The supporting bridge belongs to the driven bridge. For single-axle-driven three-axle vehicles, the rear axle is designed to support the axle. The axle on the trailer is also the support axle. The rear axle of the front-drive car with the engine also belongs to the support axle.
Kingrail supply axles as per customer request
| After-sales Service: | Free After Service |
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| Warranty: | Free After Service |
| Customized: | Customized |
| Certification: | ISO14001, ISO9001 |
| Production: | Forging, Rolled |
| Process: | Forging-Machining-Inspection-Package |
| Samples: |
US$ 1000/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
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| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
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Are there guidelines for choosing the right axle for towing heavy loads?
When it comes to towing heavy loads, selecting the appropriate axle is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient towing performance. While the specific guidelines may vary depending on the vehicle and towing requirements, there are general considerations to keep in mind when choosing the right axle. Here’s a detailed explanation of the guidelines for selecting the right axle for towing heavy loads:
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR):
One of the primary factors to consider is the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) provided by the vehicle manufacturer. The GAWR specifies the maximum weight that an axle is designed to support safely. It is essential to ensure that the selected axle’s GAWR is sufficient to handle the anticipated weight of the loaded trailer and any additional cargo or passengers in the towing vehicle. Exceeding the GAWR can lead to axle failure, compromised handling, and safety risks.
Towing Capacity:
Check the towing capacity of your vehicle, which represents the maximum weight that the vehicle is rated to tow. The axle’s capacity should align with the towing capacity to ensure safe and efficient towing. Consider the type and size of the trailer you intend to tow, including its loaded weight, tongue weight, and any weight distribution considerations. The axle should be capable of handling the anticipated load without exceeding its capacity.
Matching Axle and Suspension:
The axle and suspension system work together to support the weight of the vehicle and the trailer being towed. It is important to ensure that the axle and suspension are properly matched to provide adequate support and stability. Consider the type of suspension (leaf springs, coil springs, air suspension) and the axle’s design (solid axle, independent suspension) to ensure compatibility and optimal towing performance.
Braking System:
When towing heavy loads, the braking system plays a critical role in maintaining control and safety. Ensure that the axle is equipped with appropriate brakes that can handle the increased load. Consider the type of brakes, such as electric brakes or hydraulic brakes, and their capacity to provide sufficient stopping power for the combined weight of the towing vehicle and trailer.
Weight Distribution:
Proper weight distribution is essential for safe towing. The axle should be selected based on the anticipated weight distribution between the towing vehicle and the trailer. Consider factors like tongue weight and the use of weight distribution hitches or sway control devices to ensure balanced weight distribution and optimal handling characteristics.
Consult Manufacturer Recommendations:
Always refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations, specifications, and guidelines when selecting an axle for towing heavy loads. The manufacturer’s guidelines will provide accurate and vehicle-specific information to help you make the right choice. Consult the owner’s manual or contact the manufacturer directly for any specific towing-related recommendations.
It’s important to note that towing requirements and axle specifications can vary depending on the vehicle make and model, as well as regional regulations. It is advisable to consult with automotive experts, such as mechanics or dealerships, who have expertise in towing and can provide specific recommendations based on your vehicle and towing needs.
Can you recommend axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability?
When it comes to choosing axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability, there are several reputable companies in the automotive industry. While individual experiences and preferences may vary, the following axle manufacturers have a track record of producing high-quality products:
1. Dana Holding Corporation: Dana is a well-known manufacturer of axles, drivetrain components, and sealing solutions. They supply axles to various automotive manufacturers and have a reputation for producing durable and reliable products. Dana axles are commonly found in trucks, SUVs, and off-road vehicles.
2. AAM (American Axle & Manufacturing): AAM is a leading manufacturer of driveline and drivetrain components, including axles. They supply axles to both OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and the aftermarket. AAM axles are known for their durability and are often found in trucks, SUVs, and performance vehicles.
3. GKN Automotive: GKN Automotive is a global supplier of driveline systems, including axles. They have a strong reputation for producing high-quality and reliable axles for a wide range of vehicles. GKN Automotive supplies axles to various automakers and is recognized for their technological advancements in the field.
4. Meritor: Meritor is a manufacturer of axles, brakes, and other drivetrain components for commercial vehicles. They are known for their robust and reliable axle products that cater to heavy-duty applications in the commercial trucking industry.
5. Spicer (Dana Spicer): Spicer, a division of Dana Holding Corporation, specializes in manufacturing drivetrain components, including axles. Spicer axles are widely used in off-road vehicles, trucks, and SUVs. They are known for their durability and ability to withstand demanding off-road conditions.
6. Timken: Timken is a trusted manufacturer of bearings, seals, and other mechanical power transmission products. While they are primarily known for their bearings, they also produce high-quality axle components used in various applications, including automotive axles.
It’s important to note that the availability of specific axle manufacturers may vary depending on the region and the specific vehicle make and model. Additionally, different vehicles may come equipped with axles from different manufacturers as per the OEM’s selection and sourcing decisions.
When considering axle replacements or upgrades, it is advisable to consult with automotive experts, including mechanics or dealerships familiar with your vehicle, to ensure compatibility and make informed decisions based on your specific needs and requirements.
What is the primary function of an axle in a vehicle or machinery?
An axle plays a vital role in both vehicles and machinery, providing essential functions for their operation. The primary function of an axle is to transmit rotational motion and torque from an engine or power source to the wheels or other rotating components. Here are the key functions of an axle:
- Power Transmission:
- Support and Load Bearing:
- Wheel and Component Alignment:
- Suspension and Absorption of Shocks:
- Steering Control:
- Braking:
An axle serves as a mechanical link between the engine or power source and the wheels or driven components. It transfers rotational motion and torque generated by the engine to the wheels, enabling the vehicle or machinery to move. As the engine rotates the axle, the rotational force is transmitted to the wheels, propelling the vehicle forward or driving the machinery’s various components.
An axle provides structural support and load-bearing capability, especially in vehicles. It bears the weight of the vehicle or machinery and distributes it evenly across the wheels or supporting components. This load-bearing function ensures stability, balance, and proper weight distribution, contributing to safe and efficient operation.
The axle helps maintain proper alignment of the wheels or rotating components. It ensures that the wheels are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground, promoting stability and optimal tire contact with the road surface. In machinery, the axle aligns and supports the rotating components, ensuring their correct positioning and enabling smooth and efficient operation.
In vehicles, particularly those with independent suspension systems, the axle plays a role in the suspension system’s operation. It may incorporate features such as differential gears, CV joints, or other mechanisms that allow the wheels to move independently while maintaining power transfer. The axle also contributes to absorbing shocks and vibrations caused by road irregularities, enhancing ride comfort and vehicle handling.
In some vehicles, such as trucks or buses, the front axle also serves as a steering axle. It connects to the steering mechanism, allowing the driver to control the direction of the vehicle. By turning the axle, the driver can steer the wheels, enabling precise maneuverability and navigation.
An axle often integrates braking components, such as brake discs, calipers, or drums. These braking mechanisms are actuated when the driver applies the brakes, creating friction against the rotating axle or wheels and causing deceleration or stopping of the vehicle. The axle’s design can affect braking performance, ensuring effective and reliable stopping power.
Overall, the primary function of an axle in both vehicles and machinery is to transmit rotational motion, torque, and power from the engine or power source to the wheels or rotating components. Additionally, it provides support, load-bearing capability, alignment, suspension, steering control, and braking functions, depending on the specific application and design requirements.
editor by CX 2023-11-07